The weight of the towed vehicle DOES affect the weight of the vehicle towing it, because you're supposed to add the ball weight of the towed vehicle to the CARRIED weight of the towing vehicle.
It does, yes, but that wasn't the question. The question was, does the payload affect the towing capacity, not does the ball weight affect the payload.
Nissan treat an increase in ball weight as a reduction in GVM, rather than treating it as a part of the payload. From the D40 (4x4 DC) spec sheet, a 150kg ball load does not affect GVM at all. A 300kg ball weight decreases the GVM by 200kg. You can't always assume that the ball weight of the trailer is always equal to 10% of the trailer's mass - there are trailers that only recommend a ball weight 5-7% of trailer mass. 5% of 3000kg doesn't affect the GVM at all - so you can carry the full 776kg (DC ST-X Auto) of people, camping gear etc you're alloted.
As far as Colorado vs Navara is concerned - the Colorado has a much lighter kerb weight (must be all those interior goodies), but a similar GVM - so you can carry more onboard. Holden don't publish specs online regarding max ball weight, so for all the consumer knows the opposite might apply to what the salesman said.