The heavier the cable, the less voltage drop. It's as simple as that. Use the heaviest cable you can reasonably put in.
The best location for any charger is as close to the battery as possible. I'm installing a solar panel on the roof of my canopy this weekend and rather than use a regulator on the panel and charge the battery on the end of a longish cable, I've decided to put the regulator right next to the battery (about 300mm of cable). This way, I get variable voltage in to the regulator and can afford to lose a little there, but the regulator/charger delivers the power to the battery on a short lead - so it gets a real good look at the battery with almost zero voltage drop.