Welcome to the forum.
Modifications like intercoolers, EGR deletion etc will improve the performance of the engine, but not necessarily extend its life. EGR dampens combustion temps which if anything will reduce stress on the motor, at the expense of a little less power and the ingestion of a little diesel soot.
The catch can is similar. The idea is to remove (most of) the oil vapour from the stream of gases coming out of the crankcase (which is more exhaust gas which passes by the piston rings and enters the sump area). In itself, it's not particularly dangerous to the engine. Combined with the diesel soot from the EGR, it can form a thick black paste that gradually fills the intake manifold. Removing one or the other is usually sufficient to prevent this, and legally, the catch can is the better choice.
More efficient intercoolers will lower the intake manifold air temperature (making it denser) which will result in hotter combustion and more power - and more stress in the motor.
I think the ZD30 engine's biggest Achilles Heel is its VP44 fuel pump which we've been discussing a lot recently. It seems there's a small circuit board inside that can suffer some sort of failure, but we're not yet sure if that failure is due to something causing the pump to work less efficiently (requiring more effort and therefore strain on the components controlling it) or if it's just a under-spec component finally giving up. The unfortunate side to this is the cost of having the pump repaired, or replaced - they're not cheap and we don't know (yet) if it can be done any cheaper - or, if it's as simple as just replacing the failed component, whether or not it's worthwhile without a full service on the rest of the pump to remove the problem that caused the component failure in the first place.
The best thing for ensuring the longevity of the motor is to have it serviced regularly, using an oil designed for diesel engines. Ensure that the coolant temperature never gets too high (over half way on the gauge is getting too warm). Don't pressure-wash the engine bay - using degreaser is ok, as is a low-pressure hose - otherwise you may cause electrical issues.