EGR pipe rupture probably occurred in the cooler - that's the section on yours in the front of the motor with the two hoses heading up. Those hoses can be joined together if you want.
Your coolant temp (hopefully close to the temp of the head) can safely get to 105, even 110 (although I don't like mine going past 105, I'll back off if it starts approaching that).
If I just let my engine idle to warm up it does take some time to get warm. EGR, if anything, reduces combustion temps and slows down the rate that the engine would warm up - although there shouldn't be any EGR at idle. Diesels need to work a little to get their heat up and light duty won't hurt them when the engine is cool.
If I'm staying in a caravan park or even a rest area, I'll start my car to get it into position then turn it off, hook up completely, test lights etc, then just jump in and drive off - slowly, usually keeping revs below 2,000. By the time I'm at the road proper, the engine has developed a little warmth and can safely enter the road.