There are two things I think need checking. First is the thermostat, which may not be opening at 85C like it's supposed to. This would reduce the flow through the radiator and prevent both effective cooling and a proper measurement of the coolant temperature.
The other thing I'd check is the viscous hub (after fixing the thermostat, there's little point beforehand). The viscous hub is supposed to fully engage at around 91C. You can test it in two ways. First is to remove it and put it in water and heat the water (using a thermometer to monitor temps). As the temp rises past 91C you should see the central "spring" turn, which engages the clutch inside. If it doesn't, the bimetal element is damaged and the unit should be replaced. If it does work, you need to try turning the two halves against each other. If they turn easily, the clutch is low on silicone oil and can be topped up (I've done this with success).
Testing on the car (if the thermostat is working) is probably easier. Get the engine to normal operating temperature, pull over and pop the bonnet. Watch the fan as someone turns off the engine - the fan should stop with the engine, it shouldn't spin much on its own (if it does, it's faulty). This is an easy check to perform at any time.